Key Topics in Evidence-Based Medicine !!

Key Topics in Evidence-Based Medicine
D P B McGovern R M Valori W.S.M. Summerskill Marcel Levi

Taylor & Francis
ISBN 1859962777
2001 Year PDF
38 Mb 160 Pag

The use of evidence as a basis for good practice is now an important element of modern medicine. This book summarises the key topics essential for a clear understanding of the new skills required by all healthcare professionals, including how to search for, appraise and implement (or reject) changes in practice suggested by any new evidence. As well as being of interest to all hospital doctors, this title is an ideal revision aid for relevant examinations. Key Topics in Evidence-based Medicine summarises the issues essential for a clear understanding of the new skills require by all healthcare professionals. The book provides useful information on, how to search for, appraise and implement changes in practice suggested by any new evidence. As well as being of interest to all clinicians, this title will be useful as a revision aid for all relevant examination


Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION. Natural history of disease. Determining causation. Outcome measures. Formulating clinical questions. Hierarchy of evidence. TRIAL DESIGN. Systematic reviews. Meta-analysis. Randomised controlled trials. 'Other' trials for comparison of interventions. Cohort studies. Case-control studies. Cross-sectional (prevalence) studies. Case reports and case series. Qualitative research. Screening. Questionnaires. SOURCES. Sources of information. Sites of interest on the world wide web. Search strategies for electronic databases. The cochrane collaboration. INTERPRETATION. Critical appraisal. Statistical methods (overview). The P value. Relative risk, relative risk reduction and odds ratio. Risk reduction and the number needed to treat (NNT). Confidence intervals. Sensitivity and specificity. Likelihood ratios. Negative/positive predictive values. Stratification and minimization. Bias and confounders. Intention to treat. The power of studies. Reproducibility. Regression analysis. Sub-group analysis. Health status measurement. Health economics. QALYs. APPLICATION. Sampling and applicability. Audit. Guidelines. Decision analysis. Improving professional practice. Explaining risks to patients/hrm. Limitations of EBM. The future of EBM

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